托福写作中这些词值得你关注
2019-03-21 10:41 | 编辑:川外外语培训中心  来自:未知 
导读:本篇托福文章中,川外培训小编将为大家分析在托福写作中用词的准确性,哪些词是不能够搞混的。 compare与contrast的误用 我们先从两者的定义入手来看两者的区别。 Compare的定义为:to examine people or things to see how theyare similar or different. C
  本篇托福文章中,川外培训小编将为大家分析在托福写作中用词的准确性,哪些词是不能够搞混的。
 
  compare与contrast的误用
 
  我们先从两者的定义入手来看两者的区别。 Compare的定义为:to examine people or things to see how theyare similar or different. Contrast的定义为:to comparetwo or more things to show the difference betweenthem.由定义不难看出前者侧重于找到两个或多个事物的异同,而后者则侧重于它们的不同。
 
  看个例句:
 
  It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast theirsituations to ours.
 
  前一句翻译为:对比一下我们的情况与他们的情况会很有趣。
 
  后一句的翻译为:我们的情况与他们的情况有很大的不同,这很有趣。
 
  再看一个引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:
 
  There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.
 
  The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.
 
  When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.
 
  不难发现,Compare翻译为“与……相比”而contrast可译为“明显不同的是……”,切记这种翻译方式就不会用错彼此了。
 
  其中最容易有问题的便是介词的使用了,下面来看看几种情况:
 
  1、普通介词的误用
 
  一般表现为固定搭配错误,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成besatisfied for等等,虽然这样的错误看似无伤大雅,但在考官眼里就是影响顺畅阅读的,根据托福学写作评分标准当然会影响最终成绩。解决的办法简单而古老:把常见的固定搭配牢记于心,问题自然就解决了。
 
  2、 “to”作为介词的误用
 
  “to”最常见的用法是以动词不定式符号的形式出现的,所以同学们也已经习惯了“to do”的固定搭配。对于一些如walk to me、to the left等介词to表方向等常见用法一般也不会出现错误。但是对于与动词搭配的介词to就会经常犯错:
 
  如:
 
  More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.
 
  这里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’为介词,所以后面只能接名词或相当于名词的词,如动名词。所以黑体处应改为“depending on”。“take to”的另一个常用用法也需要牢记:
 
  He hasn’t taken to his new school.(这里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)
 
  Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介词,会有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sthelse,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符号。
 
  类似的常用用法请同学们牢记:
 
  Be used to doing
 
  Be accustomed to doing
 
  See to doing
 
  Adapt to doing
 
  Adjust to doing
 
  prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
 
  等等,托福写作请注意平时仔细积累。
 
  assume及claim使用不够准确
 
  我们知道, think, assume, claim是议论文中常用引出观点的动词。在实际作文中,同学们往往认为几个词的意思是一样的,完全可以代换,所以拿过来就用。甚至还有同学把consider也拿过来与之混用。我们首先还是从定义来看这几个词的不同:
 
  Think: to have opinion or belief about sth.
 
  翻译为“认为”,通常接宾语从句来表达比较确定的观点。
 
  Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.
 
  翻译为“假设、假定”,是否有事实依据是不确定的。
 
  Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believeit.
 
  翻译为“声称”,用这个词往往意味着不赞同紧跟其后的观点,所以很少用作‘I claim that…
 
  Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。
 
  所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻译为“有报道称。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的区别在于后者翻译为“据报道”,往往代表着作者赞同报告的内容,
 
  Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision
 
  翻译为“考虑”,一般不用作引出观点,看个例子:
 
  We are considering buying a new car.
 
  所以,千万不要在托福写作的段(观点表达段)就因为用词把握不准而导致对整篇文章的低分印象。
 
  表“建议”的词汇后面忘记用虚拟从句
 
  这是摘自学生托福作文中的一个病句:
 
  I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.
 
  因为‘suggest’翻译为“建议”,所以后面的从句应该用虚拟语气,黑体部分应该改为“(should) continue”
 
  所以考生一定要牢记以下常见表“建议”的托福写作词汇,而且要记住这些词接从句时要用虚拟语气:
 
  Recommend,suggest,advise
 
  such as与for example的混用
 
  我们知道,在表示举例子的时候,such as与like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/likeorchids and primroses are becoming rare.
 
  但是同学们对于Such as、for example的把握还是不够准确。我们都知道,后者接句子前者接词语表示举例子。于是就有了下面的写法:
 
  There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.
 
  这里的such as改为for example为好,因为“in French and Italian”其实是“there is a similar word inFrench and Italian”的简化,所以要用for example来引出例证。再来看几个类似的例子:
 
  It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.

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