Reading Passage 1           

Title ：  新西兰儿童 Robin 发现头盖骨之谜  

            

Question types：  

 TRUR/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN 4 题     Completion 9 题 

    

           

文章内容回顾：   新西兰儿童 Robin 发现了海边的一个头盖骨，三位博士对此发现进行了研究，并测定这个头骨的年代属于 296 年。 

 

题目及答案回顾：

   Questions 1-7 TRUR/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN 

   1.TRUE 

   2. FALSE 

   3. FALSE 

   4. NOT GIVEN 

          

   Questions 5-13 Completion 

   5. specialists 

   6. European 

   7. radiocarbon    

   8. 296        

   9. race 

   10. gender 

   11. Australia 

   12. archaeologists 

   13. shipwreck 

        

题型技巧分析：   

判断题：大方向（定位词）+小范围（考点词） 

填空题：需要注意字数限制和空格前的动词或形容词

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习：   剑 7Test 3 Passage2 

             

Reading Passage 2           

Title：   Coral Reef（珊瑚礁）   

      

    

Question types：  

Matching Information 6 题

TRUR/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN 6 题 

Multiple Choice 1 题  

    

文章内容回顾 ：  文章介绍了珊瑚礁的分布和价值，存在的问题（减少）以及人们为保护珊瑚礁做出的努力。 

题目及答案回顾：   

Questions 14-19 Matching Information 

14. Geographical location of world’s coral reef A

15. How does coral reef benefit economy locally C

16. The statistics of coral reefs economic significance  C

17. The listed reasons for declining number of coral reef D 

18. Physical approach to coral reef by people E

19. Unsustainable fishing methods are applied in regions of the world D

Questions 20-25 TRUR/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN

20. Coral reefs provide habitat to variety of marine life.  TRUE

21. Coral reef distribute around the ocean disproportionally.  TRUE

22. Coral reef is increasingly important for scientific purpose.  NOT GIVEN

23. Coral reefs are greatly exchanged among and exported to other counties. NOT GIVEN

24. Reef tourism is of economic essence generally for some poor people. TRUE

25. As with other fishing business, coral fishery is not suitable to women and children. NOT GIVEN

Question 26 Multiple Choice

26. What is the main purpose of the this passage

A. Demonstrate how coral reef grow in the ocean

B. To tell that coral reef is widely used as a scientific project

C. Present the general benefits and an alarming situation of coral reef

D. To show the vital efforts made to protect coral reef in Australia

 

Coral reefs are underwater structures made from calcium carbonate secreted by corals. Coral reefs are colonies of tiny living animals found in marine waters that contain few nutrients. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups.

 

Coral reefs

 

A

Coral reefs are estimated to cover 284,300km2 just under 0.1% of the oceans' surface area, about half the area of France. The Indo-Pacific region accounts for 91.9% of this total area. Southeast Asia accounts for 32.3% of that figure, while the Pacific including Australia accounts for 40.8%. Atlantic and Caribbean coral reefs account for 7.6%. Yet often called “rainforests of the sea", coral reefs

 

相关文章内容： form some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. They provide a home for 25% of all marine species, including fish, mollusks (软体动物 ), worms, crustaceans( 甲壳类动物 ), echinoderms( 棘皮动物 ), sponges, tunicates and other cnidarians. Paradoxically, coral reefs flourish even though they are surrounded by ocean waters that provide few nutrients. They are most commonly found at shallow depths in tropical waters, but deep water and cold water corals also exist on smaller scales in other areas. Although corals exist both in temperate and tropical waters, shallow-water reefs form only in a zone extending from 30°N to 30°S of the equator. Deep water coral can exist at greater depths and colder temperature sat much higher latitudes, as far north as Norway. Coral reefs are rare along the American and African west coasts. This is due primarily to upwelling and strong cold coastal currents that reduce water temperatures in these areas(respectively the Peru, Benguela and Canary streams). Corals are seldom found along the coastline of South Asia from the eastern tip of India (Madras) to the Bangladesh( 孟加拉国) and Myanmar borders. They are also rare along the coast around northeastern South America and Bangladesh due to the freshwater release from the Amazon and Ganges Rivers(恒河), respectively.

 

B

Coral reefs deliver ecosystem services to tourism, fisheries and coastline protection. The global economic value of coral reefs has been estimated at as much as $US375 billion per year. Coral reefs protect shorelines by absorbing wave energy(潮汐能), and many small islands would not exist without their reef to protect them.

 

C

The value of reefs in biodiverse (生物多样的) regions can be even higher. In parts of Indonesia and the Caribbean where tourism is the main use, reefs are estimated to be worth US$1 million per square kilometer, based on the cost of maintaining sandy beaches and the value of attracting snorkelers(浮潜者) and scuba divers(水肺潜水). Meanwhile, a recent study of the Great Barrier Reef in Australia found that the reef is worth more to the country as an intact ecosystem than an extractive reserve for fishing. Each year more than 1.8 million tourists visit the reef, spending an estimated AU$4.3 billion (Australian dollars) on reef-related industries from diving to boat rental to posh island resort stays. In the Caribbean, says UNEP, the net annual benefits from diver tourism was US$2 billion in 2000 with US$625 million spent directly on diving on reefs. Further, reef tourism is important source of employment, especially for some of the world's poorest people. UNEP says that of the estimated 30 million small-scale fishers in the developing world, most are dependent to a greater or lesser extent on coral reefs. In the Philippines, for example, more than one million small-scale fishers depend directly on coral reefs for their livelihoods. The report estimates that reef fisheries(渔场) were worth between $15,000 and$150,000 per square kilometer a year, while fish caught for aquariums (水族馆) were worth $500 a kilogram against $6 for fish caught as food. The aquarium fish export industry supports around 50,000 people and generates some US$5.5 million a year in Sri Lank along.

 

D

Unfortunately, coral reefs are dying around the world. In particular, coral mining, agricultural and urban runoff(入水), pollution(organic and inorganic), disease, and the digging of canals and access into islands and bays are localized threats to coral ecosystems(生态系统). Broader threats are sea temperature rise, sea level rise and pH changes from ocean acidification( 酸 化 ), all associated with greenhouse gas emissions. Some current fishing practices are destructive and unsustainable. These include cyanide fishing, overfishing and blast fishing. Although cyanide(氰化物毒) fishing supplies live reef fish for the tropical aquarium market, most fish caught using this method are sold in restaurants, primarily in Asia, where live fish are prized for their freshness. To catch fish with cyanide, fishers dive down to the reef and squirt cyanide in coral crevices and on the fast-moving fish, to stun the fish making them easy to catch. Overfishing is another leading cause for coral reef degradation. Often, too many fish are taken from one reef to sustain a population in that area. Poor fishing practices, such as banging on the reef with sticks(muro-ami), destroy coral formations that normally function as fish habitat. In some instances, people fish with explosives(爆炸物) (blast fishing), which blast apart the surrounding coral.

 

E

Tourist resorts that empty their sewage directly into the water surrounding coral reefs contribute to coral reef degradation. Wastes kept in poorly maintained septic tanks can also leak into surrounding ground water, eventually seeping out to the reefs. Careless boating, diving, snorkeling and fishing can also damage coral reefs. Whenever people grab, kick, and walk on, or stir up sediment(沉淀物) in the reefs, they contribute to coral reef destruction. Corals are also harmed or killed when people drop anchors on them or when people collect coral.

 

F

To find answers for these problems, scientists and researchers study the various factors that impact reefs. The list includes the ocean's role as a carbon dioxide sink, atmospheric changes, ultraviolet light(紫外线光) , ocean acidification, viruses, impacts of dust storms carrying agents to far flung reefs, pollutants, algal blooms and others. Reefs are threatened well beyond coastal areas. General estimates show approximately 10%of the world’s coral reefs are dead. About 60% of the world's reefs are at risk due to destructive, human-related activities. The threat to the health of reefs is particularly strong in Southeast Asia, where 80% of reefs are endangered.

 

G

In Australia, the Great Barrier Reef(大堡礁) is protected by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, and is the subject of much legislation, including a biodiversity action plan. Inhabitants of Ahus Island, Manus Province, Papua New Guinea, have followed a generations-old practice of restricting fishing in six areas of their reef lagoon(环礁湖). Their cultural traditions allow line fishing, but not net or spear fishing. The result is both the biomass and individual fish sizes are significantly larger than in places where fishing is unrestricted.

题型技巧分析：

优先完成判断题，利用细节信息的提示完成细节配对，最后根据全文大意选出最恰当的文章标题。

 

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习： 剑 10 Test 2 Passage 2

 

Reading Passage 3

Title：  Flexible Work

Question types：

  Matching information 8 题

  Matching Features 3 题

  Completion 3 题

   

文章内容回顾 ： 文章介绍了弹性工作制度对员工和公司带来的好处

题目及答案回顾 ：

  Questions 27-34 Matching information 

27. A (公司以员工满意度为核心)

28. B (灵活工作的不利处)   

29. C (现代科技使得不在办公室的时候也很方便工作)

30. D (两个科技运用到灵活办公中)

31. F ()

32. G (员工信息分享)

33. H (与顾客相关)

34. I (员工的满意度)

Questions 35-37 Matching Features

35. C

36. A

37. B

Questions 38-40 Completion

38. satisfaction

39. email

40. tasks

题型技巧分析：

本篇文章中的主旨配对题难度较大，可以放在最后完成；人名配对会覆盖文章较长篇幅的信息，同时也给段落主旨大意提供了一些提示，

 

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习： 剑 13Test2Passage3

 

考试趋势分析和备考指导：

本厂阅读考试整体文章难度不大，填空题较多，并且综合了不同题型。第三篇出现了主旨匹配和人名匹配，使得整体考试难度略有上升；此外，本场考试并未出现常考的单选题，以及完成句子配对，因此 2 月份的考生需要加以重视，最后主旨配对和细节配对依然是重难点。